Treatment of varroatosis of the honey bee: chemotherapy, other control measures and the prospects for biological control

A t h e r a p e u t i c effect c a n b e p r o l o n g e d a n d c o n s o l i d a t e d b y hyg i en i c p r e c a u t i o n s a imed at b e t t e r m a n a g e m e n t o f t h e a p i a r y ( e l i m i n a t i o n o f w e a k c o l o n i e s , r e p l a c e ­ m e n t o f o ld q u e e n s , r e p l a c e m e n t o f t h e s tock b y b e t t e r a d a p t e d c o l o n i e s ) , a n d a l so by p r o t e c t i n g c o l o n i e s w h i c h a r e h e a l t h y a n d free f r o m t h e i n f e s t a t i o n ( r e s t r i c t ion of t r a n s h u m a n c e , o b s e r v a t i o n o f h e a l t h p r e c a u t i o n s fo r b r o u g h t i n s t o c k ) .